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US Secretary of State Antony Blinken holds tough talks in Turkey on Monday, aimed at soothing the anger of one of Washington's most strategic but difficult allies about the bloodshed in Gaza.

Blinken's visit comes with fury at both Israel and the West boiling over on the streets of Turkey and inside the palace of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.

Police used tear gas and water cannon to disperse hundreds of protesters who marched on an air base housing US forces in Turkey's southeast hours before Blinken's arrival on Sunday.

Erdogan himself plans to travel across Turkey's remote northeast on Monday in a seeming snub of Washington's top diplomat.

Blinken's talks with Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan were set to be packed with problems even before Israel launched a relentless bombing and expanding ground campaign against Gaza.

Israeli forces have killed almost 9,800 people in more than four weeks of war in Gaza, while Hamas's surprise 7 October attack killed more than 1,400.

The war threatens to have broad repercussions on Washington's relations with TurkeyÌý– a NATO member with a muscular foreign policy and stakes in conflicts across the Middle East.

'Crocodile tears'

Washington is anxious to see Turkey's parliament finally ratify Sweden's stalled drive to join the US-led NATO defence organisation.

The United States has also been tightening sanctions against Turkish individuals and companies that are deemed to be helping Russia evade sanctions and import goods for use in its war on Ukraine.

And Ankara is upset that Congress is holding up the approval of a deal backed by US President Joe Biden to modernise Turkey's air force with dozens of US F-16 fighter jets.

Turkey further has longstanding reservations about US support for Kurdish forces in Syria that spearheaded the fight against Islamic State group jihadistsÌý– but which Ankara views an offshoot of the banned Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) militants.

Ankara has stepped up air strikes against armed Kurdish groups in Syria and Iraq in reprisal for an October attack on the Turkish capital claimed by the PKK in which two assailants died.

Blinken's visit follows a whirlwind tour of the Middle East that included an unannounced visit to the occupied West Bank for talks with Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas on Sunday.

The US diplomat has been facing a chorus of Arab calls to support an immediate ceasefire.

Israel says it could accept a humanitarian pause to allow in additional shipments of aid once Hamas frees the hostages.

Blinken has supported the Israeli position while trying to assure regional players that Washington is focused on relieving humanitarian suffering.

Erdogan said on Sunday it was "Turkey's duty" as a supporter of an independent Palestinian state to immediately stop the violence.

He said Ankara was "working behind the scenes" with regional allies to secure an uninterrupted stream of humanitarian aid into Gaza.

But he has cut off contacts with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and called back Ankara's ambassador to Israel in protest.

Erdogan has also accused the West of double standards and losing its moral authority.

"Those who shed crocodile tears for the civilians killed in the Ukraine-Russia war are now quietly watching the killing of thousands of innocent children," Erdogan said last month.