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More than 40 people died when a ripped through a Cairo-area church during , forcing worshippers to jump out windows while bystanders braved flames and smoke to save children.

The blaze, blamed on an electrical fault, hit the Abu Sifin church in densely populated Imbaba, a working-class district west of the Nile River, part of in greater Cairo.

Witnesses described panicked scenes as people rushed into the multi-storey house of worship to rescue those trapped but were soon overwhelmed by the heat and deadly smoke.

"Everyone was carrying kids out of the building," said Ahmed Reda Baioumy, who lives next to the church. "But the fire was getting bigger and you could only go in once or you would asphyxiate."

Another witness, Sayed Tawfik, told AFP that "some threw themselves out of windows to escape the fire." He pointed to a car bearing dents "left by a person who is now lying in the hospital with a broken arm and back."

A resident of the area, Mina Masry, said emergency services were slow in responding. Ambulances took "over an hour to arrive" and fire trucks "nearly an hour, though their station is five minutes away."

Masry added: "If the ambulances had come on time, they could have rescued people."

The Egyptian Coptic Church and the health ministry reported 41 dead and 14 injured in the blaze before emergency services said they had brought the blaze under control.

Copts are the largest Christian community in the Middle East, making up at least 10 million of Egypt's 103 million Muslim-majority population.

Power surge

The interior ministry said "forensic evidence revealed that the blaze broke out in an air-conditioning unit on the second floor of the church building" which also houses social services.

Father Farid Fahmy, of another nearby church in Imbaba, told AFP a short circuit caused the fire.

"The power was out and they were using a generator," he said. "When the power came back, it caused an overload."

In the morning, President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi said on his Facebook page that he had "mobilised all state services" in response. He later said he had "presented his condolences by phone" to Pope Tawadros II, the head of the Coptic Orthodox Church.

The Giza governor ordered "urgent aid of 50,000 pounds (around $2,600) for the families of the deceased and 10,000 pounds for the injured".

The grand imam of Al-Azhar, Egypt's foremost Muslim institution, expressed his condolences for "the tragic accident" and affirmed "the readiness of Al-Azhar hospitals to receive the injured".

Accidental fires are not uncommon in the sprawling megalopolis of Cairo, where millions live in informal settlements.

Baioumy, the neighbour, told AFP that firefighters were hampered by the church's location "on a very narrow street".

Egypt, with its often dilapidated and poorly maintained infrastructure, has suffered several deadly fires in recent years.

In March 2021, at least 20 people died in a blaze at a textile factory in an eastern suburb of Cairo.

In 2020, two hospital fires claimed the lives of 14 Covid-19 patients.

Last Monday a church caught fire in the eastern Cairo district of Heliopolis, though no deaths or injuries were reported.

Religious minority

The Coptic minority has and complained of discrimination in the north African country, the Arab world's most populous.

Copts have been targeted in deadly attacks by Islamist militants, particularly after Sisi overthrew former Islamist president Mohamed Morsi in 2013, with churches, schools and homes burnt down.

Copts also complain they have been left out of key state positions and they have deplored restrictive legislation for the construction and renovation of churches.

Sisi, the first Egyptian president to attend the Coptic Christmas mass every year, in February appointed the first ever Coptic judge to head the Supreme Constitutional Court, the country's highest.