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The executive board has decided that Sudan has reached the decision point for the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative, a finance ministry official said late on Monday, meaning the country can begin receiving relief on its more than $50 billion in debt.

A quarter of a century after the IMF and launched their HIPC debt relief program, Sudan is the penultimate economy to come through the process, and "by far the largest case in absolute terms," an IMF official said last month.

As part of the so-called decision point, the IMF is expected to announce an extended credit facility for Sudan - one of Africa's largest and most populous countries - which will provide new financing in the form of grants and cheap loans.

"Sudan will proceed to negotiations with the Paris Club in July," Magdi Amin, senior adviser to the country's finance ministry wrote on Twitter. "(This) is the result of the patience and strength of the people of Sudan in responding to its economic challenges with reform."

The IMF board was scheduled to meet on Monday and expected to publish its decision by the following day. The fund did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

Analysts say the decision has come at a historically fast pace, a product of international goodwill toward the country's civilian leaders and rapid, painful economic reforms.

“It's been a long journey for Sudan, it is not over yet but this is a really significant milestone on the country’s path to a more prosperous future," said Ian Clark, partner at legal firm White & Case, which advises the government on debt restructuring through the HIPC process together with financial advisor Lazard.

Spurred on by decades of isolation and sanctions, Sudan's economic crisis includes inflation approaching 400%, shortages of basic goods and services, and a spike in food insecurity.

Following the overthrow of Omar al-Bashir in April 2019, a fragile power-sharing deal was struck between the military and civilians. Over the past year the transitional government has pushed through several major economic reforms, including the removal of fuel subsidies and a sharp exchange rate devaluation under an IMF-monitored programme required for debt relief.

What next?

Decision point confirmation clears the path for immediate interim relief on some of Sudan's debt. To get comprehensive, irrevocable reduction in debt, Sudan must meet conditions for "completion point", which many predict Khartoum can hit within three years.

Amin told Reuters before the decision that Sudan now needed to demonstrate to the fund it had achieved macroeconomic stability, was continuing to improve institutions and would use the fiscal breathing space created by debt relief for poverty reduction. He added Khartoum could not fall back into arrears on remaining debt during that time.

Of Sudan's at least $50 billion debt burden, $19 billion is owed to Paris Club countries and the same to non-Paris Club countries including Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and China. Its large commercial debts of at least $6 billion are roughly matched by what it owed to multilateral organisations before arrear clearances this year.

The debt has yet to be reconciled in full and past due interest calculated, meaning the sum could well be larger - some estimate closer to $60 billion.

Next month, the Paris Club will decide on the proportion of debt it will forgive, expected at around 70%. Traditionally, a comparable agreement is expected to apply to other creditors.

Of the 39 countries eligible for HIPC programme, only Sudan and Eritrea were left of the ones that took part.

The programme has proven far from a panacea: Three of its graduates – Ethiopia, Zambia and Chad – are currently applying for debt relief under the G20 common framework programme launched in 2020; others such as Mozambique or Congo have also been forced to restructure.

Reaching decision point means the IMF is expected to grant Sudan a three-year extended credit facility to provide direct financing as Khartoum pushes ahead with reforms, an IMF official said.

That is crucial for Sudan's over-burdened government, struggling to finance imports of fuel and medicines. The IMF estimates Sudan needs more than $7 billion in external financing over the next two years.

For many Sudanese, reforms needed to get to this point have been costly, with many families forced to cut down on food and transportation as costs soar.

"It's imperative that [the government] communicate properly to the population the sequencing and arc on this so people don't look up and just see the pain," said Jonas Horner, Sudan analyst at the International Crisis Group.