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Japan's former prime minister died in hospital on Friday, the facility treating him confirmed, hours after being shot at a political campaign event in an attack condemned as "absolutely unforgivable".

" was transported to (the hospital) at 12:20 pm. He was in a state of cardiac arrest upon arrival. Resuscitation was administered. However, unfortunately he died at 5:03 pm," said Hidetada Fukushima, professor of emergency medicine at Nara Medical University Hospital.

The assassination of the country's best-known politician comes despite strict gun laws and with campaigning under way ahead of upper house elections on Sunday.

Earlier Prime Minister abandoned the campaign trail and flew to Tokyo by helicopter where he addressed reporters in a voice that wavered with emotion.

LATEST from ER doctor who operated on Shinzo Abe:
* They were able to stop major bleeding, but by then too much blood was lost
* bullet pierced Abe’s neck and heart
* died after about 3 hours of surgery
* declared dead at 5:03pm

— Kurumi Mori (@rumireports)

"I pray that former prime minister Abe will survive," he said, condemning "a barbaric act during election campaigning, which is the foundation of democracy".

"It is absolutely unforgivable. I condemn this act in the strongest terms".

The attack came before noon in the country's western region of Nara, where Abe, 67, had been delivering a stump speech with security present, but spectators able to approach him easily.

Footage broadcast by NHK showed him standing on a stage when a man dressed in a grey shirt and brown trousers begins approaching from behind, before drawing something from a bag and firing.

At least two shots appear to be fired, each producing a cloud of smoke.

As spectators and reporters ducked, a man was shown being tackled to the ground by security. He was later arrested on suspicion of attempted murder, reports said.

Local media identified the man as 41-year-old Tetsuya Yamagami, citing police sources, with several media outlets describing him as a former member of the Maritime Self-Defense Force, the country's navy.

He was wielding a weapon described by local media as a "handmade gun", and NHK said he told police after his arrest that he "targeted Abe with the intention of killing him".

'A large bang'��

Witnesses at the scene described shock as the political event turned into chaos.

"The first shot sounded like a toy bazooka," a woman told NHK.

"He didn't fall and there was a large bang. The second shot was more visible, you could see the spark and smoke," she added.

"After the second shot, people surrounded him and gave him cardiac massage".

Abe was bleeding from the neck, witnesses said and photographs showed. He was reportedly initially responsive but subsequently lost consciousness.

Officials from the local chapter of Liberal Democratic Party said there had been no threats before the incident and that his speech had been announced publicly.

Kishida said "no decision" had been made on the election, though several parties announced their senior members would halt campaigning in the wake of the attack.

The attack prompted international shock.

"This is a very, very sad moment," told reporters at a G20 meeting in Bali, saying the United States was "deeply saddened and deeply concerned".

Thailand's Prime Minister Prayut Chan-O-Cha was "very shocked" at Abe's shooting, while Indian Prime Minister said he was "deeply distressed" by the news.

Former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe is dead at age 67, having passed away after being shot twice while delivering a speech in Nara today.

— Oliver Jia (オリバー・ジア) (@OliverJia1014)

'Profoundly sad and shocking'

Abe, Japan's longest-serving prime minister, held office in 2006 for one year and again from 2012 to 2020, when he was forced to step down due to the debilitating bowel condition ulcerative colitis.

He was a hawkish conservative who pushed for the revision of Japan's pacifist constitution to recognise the country's military and has stayed a prominent political figure even after his resignation.

Japan has some of the world's toughest , and annual deaths from firearms in the country of 125 million people are regularly in single figures.

Getting a gun licence is a long and complicated process for Japanese citizens, who must first get a recommendation from a shooting association and then undergo strict police checks.

Japan has seen "nothing like this for well over 50 to 60 years", Corey Wallace, an assistant professor at Kanagawa University who focuses on Japanese politics, told AFP.

He said the last similar incident was likely the 1960 assassination of Inejiro Asanuma, the leader of the Japan Socialist Party, who was stabbed by a right-wing youth.

"But two days before an election, of a (man) who is so prominent, it's really profoundly sad and shocking".

He noted, too, that Japanese politicians and voters are used to a personal and close-up style of campaigning.

"This could really change".