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"President Assad is part of the solution," Staffan de Mistura told a joint press conference with Austrian Foreign Minister Sebastian Kurz in Vienna on Friday. 

"I will continue to have very important discussions with him," de Mistura added, noting: "The only solution is a political solution."

We need to have a comprehensive strategy to address the underlying cause: Assad and Assad's brutality - Najib Ghadbian, National Coalition

This was the first time a UN envoy on Syria has explicitly named Assad as part of a peaceful solution after nearly four years of fighting between government forces and rebels seeking his overthrow.

De Mistura's remarks drew condemnation from the key opposition National Coalition as well as from activists on the ground in Syria.

"I think De Mistura is fooling himself if he thinks that Assad is part of the solution,” coalition member Samir Nashar told AFP by telephone from Istanbul.

"Assad is the problem, not part of the solution."

Najib Ghadbian, the National Coalition's UN envoy, described the actions of Assad's regime as the root cause of the conflict.

He also warned the US-led alliance fighting the Islamic State group – which has seized swathes of territory in both Syria and Iraq – that its efforts would fail unless world powers get serious about a peace plan for Syria.

"We welcome the coalition but we need to have a comprehensive strategy to address the underlying cause: Assad and Assad's brutality," said Ghadbian.

De Mistura, who was in Damascus this week to meet Assad, is due to deliver a report on his mission to the UN Security Council on February 17.

If no solution to the conflict is found, “the only one who takes advantage of it is ISIS,” de Mistura said, using another name for IS.

The group is a “monster waiting for this conflict to take place in order to be able to take advantage”, he said.

But Nashar disagreed, saying: “If Assad was really interested in fighting Daesh, he would have sent his troops to Raqaa rather than to Douma.”

Raqaa is the self-proclaimed capital of the extremist group in northern Syria, while Douma is a rebel bastion in the Eastern Ghouta area east of Damascus under a suffocating regime siege for more than a year.

More than 183 people have been killed in near daily bombardment of Douma over the past few weeks, according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a UK-based opposition-linked monitoring group, which said 29 children were among the dead.

'Mass killing' in Douma

"It appears de Mistura hasn't heard about the mass killing in Douma," said Nashar.

An activist from Douma, who identified himself as Mohammed Salaheddin, also dismissed the UN envoy's assessment.

"Assad can only contribute to a political solution by ordering his army to stop its arbitrary shelling of civilians and by... lifting the siege on Eastern Ghouta," he told AFP via Skype. 

The activist said Assad should then "give up the position in whose name he destroyed Syria".

In Vienna, Kurz agreed that "in the fight against IS it can be necessary to fight on the same side" but insisted that "Assad will never be a friend or even a partner".

Rights groups have accused Syrian government troops of indiscriminate bombardment of civilians in rebel-held areas, including with so-called barrel bombs.

In an interview broadcast this week by the BBC, Assad denied his forces were using the crude, unguided munitions that have been blamed for the deaths of thousands of civilians.

He also complained that in the fight against IS, "there is no dialogue" with the US-led coalition, which began air strikes against IS in September.

"There's, let's say, information, but not dialogue."

In a poll on Thursday, 53 percent of residents in opposition-held areas of Syria's second city of Aleppo – which has seen some of the country's worst violence since July 2012 – said they favoured de Mistura's October proposal of a "freeze" in fighting. 

But a great majority also said they were sceptical that a truce would hold.

Syria's war began in March 2011 as a peaceful movement demanding democratic change. It later morphed into a brutal civil war after Assad's government unleashed a crackdown on dissent.

More than 210,000 people have killed in the conflict and around half of the country's population has been displaced.

Several rounds of talks have ended without concrete results.