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The United States and Europe have united in backing Ukraine against a Russian invasion, offering Kyiv weapons and diplomatic support as Russia massed troops along the border. But in the Middle East, US-backed states allegedly helped shield Russian president Vladimir Putin from attempts at deterrence.

The Biden administration had reportedly asked Israel permission to provide Ukraine withÌý, and Saudi Arabia toÌý. Both states refused, leaving the United States with fewer cards to play as Russian missiles slammed into Ukrainian cities and Russian troops began crossing the border early Thursday morning.

Meanwhile, Qatar — a country President Biden recently declared a ""Ìý— publicly declined to take sides in the conflict, while the United Arab Emirates and Pakistan publicly cosied up to Russia on the eve of the invasion.

USÌýofficials have often justified their military support for Middle Eastern countries in terms ofÌý; if Washington backs the Arab monarchies and Israel, the logic goes, it is supposed to keep them in America's corner against major rivals like Russia and China.

"[I]f Washington backs the Arab monarchies and Israel, the logic goes, it is supposed to keep them in America's corner against major rivals like Russia and China"

Brett McGurk, who oversees Middle Eastern affairs at the White House, has called these Middle Eastern partnerships a ""Ìýfor America. But amid the worst US-Russian confrontation since the Cold War, it's unclear how much help Washington has actually earned from its Middle Eastern clients.

The Russian-Ukrainian crisisÌýÌýin early 2021, when Ukraine arrested pro-Russian politician Viktor Medvedchuk on accusations of plotting a coup d'etat, and Russia began military exercises near the Ukrainian border.

A few months later, the Ukrainian government asked the USÌýgovernment to purchase the Iron Dome anti-missile system. Because the Iron Dome is a joint US-Israeli project, the sale also required permission from the Israeli government, which Israel reportedly refused to grant.

That refusal was not based on any concern with whether the sale was a good idea for Eastern Europe, but on Israel's desire to maintain aÌý, according to the Times of Israel. Russia, which has forces stationed in Syria, gives IsraelÌýÌýto intervene in the Syrian civil war.

As Russo-Ukrainian tensions reached a fever pitch in February 2022, the Biden administration publicly asked Saudi Arabia toÌý. Gas prices were already high, increasing Russia's diplomatic leverage as a major oil producer. But the Saudi governmentÌý, and gas prices reached their highest level in years.

As a result of Europe's fuel needs, European officials have beenÌýÌýcertain economic measures against Russia, the Wall Street Journal reported.

Israel and Saudi Arabia have received generous USÌýsupport over the past few decades. The United States has sold Saudi ArabiaÌýÌýthan any other country in the world since 1990, and has given IsraelÌýÌýthan any other country in the world since 1945.

One USÌýally in the Middle East — Turkey — has strongly backed Ukraine against Russia. The Turkish republic beganÌýÌýto the Ukrainian military in 2019. On Thursday, the Turkish foreign ministryÌýÌýstop its invasion, calling the operation a "grave violation of international law"Ìýand a "serious threat"Ìýto global security.

Israel initiallyÌýÌýRussia in statements about the conflict on Wednesday and Thursday, but Israeli foreign minister Yair Lapid eventually denounced Moscow's "serious violation of the international order"Ìýseveral hours into the invasion.

Other US-backed states were reluctant to condemn Russia for its actions.

The day before the invasion began, UAE foreign minister Sheikh Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan had a phone call with his Russian counterpart Sergei Lavrov. In aÌýÌýissued after the call, Al Nahyan did not mention the crisis in Ukraine, but stressed "the keenness to enhance the prospects of UAE-Russian cooperation across various fields."

On Friday, the UAE attended a meeting of the UN Security Council about the crisis. (The UAE has a temporary seat on the council.) UAE Ambassador Lana Nusseibeh abstained from voting on a US-backed resolution to condemn Russia — and she refused to name Russia as the aggressor or Ukraine as the victim in her speech.

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"The serious developments in Ukraine, we will agree, undermine the region's peace and security,"ÌýNusseibeh said.

"The UAE restates its commitment to the territorial integrity, sovereignty, and independence of all member states,"Ìýshe added. "We urge for immediate de-escalation and cessation of hostilities."

Less than a month before, USÌýtroops in the UAEÌýÌýdefending the Arab monarchy from Yemeni rebels. Biden said at the time that "America will have the backs of our friends in the region."

US diplomats had also asked Israel — which is not on the Security Council — to publicly endorse the resolution, but the Israeli foreign ministry reportedly declined... The United States has often used its influence at the UN to Israel's benefit, voting down at least 52ÌýÌýcritical of Israel since 1972.

After the invasion began, Qatar called onÌýÌýto exercise restraint. Ukrainian prime minister Volodymyr Zelensky thanked Qatari monarch Tamim bin Hamad for his support in aÌý.Ìý

"These positions were likely not what the Biden administration had hoped for"

The United Arab Emirates and Qatar both host major USÌýmilitary bases in the region as well as purchasing billions of dollars in USÌýarms.

Pakistan, another recipient of billions of dollars in USÌýmilitary aid, refused to cancel a Thursday meeting between Putin and Pakistani prime minister Imran Khan. As the invasion began, Khan said that he was visiting Putin at a time of "."

These positions were likely not what the Biden administration had hoped for.

"We believe it's the responsibility of every responsible country around the world to voice concern, to voice objection to what Putin appears to have in mind for Ukraine,"ÌýUSÌýState Department spokesman Ned Price said at a Wednesday press conference, when asked about Khan's upcoming visit.

"We certainly hope, when it comes to those shared interests — the aversion of a costly conflict, the aversion of a destabilizing conflict — that every country around the world would make that point clearly in unambiguous language in their engagements with the Russian Federation,"ÌýPrice added.

Matthew Petti is a 2022-2023 Fulbright fellow. He was previously a reporter for Responsible Statecraft and a research assistant for the Quincy Institute. He also served as a national security reporter at The National Interest and a contributor to The Armenian Weekly, Reason, and America Magazine.Ìý

Follow him on TwitterÌý

This article originally appeared onÌý.

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