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The letter from Congress followed the submission of a resolution by 65 members of European Parliament calling on the EU to downgrade its attendance at the summit by withdrawing the participation of European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and European Council President Charles Michel, again due to human rights concerns.

The resolution, the European Parliament's clearest rebuke of Saudi Arabia to date, was approved by European Parliament and stated that "[." Further, the in advance of the G20 due to human rights concerns.

The Saudi Howeitat tribe has also called on a boycott from the British foreign secretary to protest "." Members of the tribe claim that they have been displaced to make space for construction of futuristic megacity Neom.

A spokesperson for the British Foreign Office explained that British officials "," but added that the G20 provides "." Authorities have used other justifications in the past to explain their continued engagement with Saudi Arabia, despite its worsening human rights record.

Last year, however, most attendees had returned, signalling the business community's willingness to ignore the Saudi human rights records

The fiancée of murdered Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi, whose death led to international outcry against the Saudi regime, also called for world leaders to boycott the event. She posited that "[." Indeed, the year following Khashoggi's murder, many invitees to the annual Future Investment Fund held in Riyadh, better known as "Davos in the Desert," boycotted due to the outrage over the murder, which had taken place inside the Saudi consulate in Istanbul.

By last year, however, most attendees had returned, signalling the business community's willingness to ignore the Saudi human rights records, despite the fact that it had not improved in the intervening year, due to the prospect of lucrative investments. 

Further illustrating discontent with the G20's host country, PEN America hosted on Friday an alternative event, the. The event aimed to highlight abuses of the Saudi regime at the same time as the G20 summit proceeds from Riyadh. A number of relevant groups have partnered in the summit, including Amnesty International USA, Democracy for the Arab World Now (DAWN), ALQST, Freedom Forward, Freedom Initiative, the Project on Middle East Democracy (POMED), and Open Society Foundations. 

 

With a Biden administration set to come to power and unlikely to continue to indulge Saudi abuses in the way that the Trump Administration has, the G20 summit may provide an opportunity for the kingdom to walk back its human rights abuses. Interestingly, Saudi Ambassador to the United Kingdom Khalid bin Bandar bin Sultan bin Abdulaziz al-Saud that the women arrested in 2018 involved in the campaign for the right to drive may be released ahead of the summit, since these arrests are seen to have caused more harm than good. 

Shortly after the remarks were published, however,. Even statements about discussions surrounding clemency, then, are severely contested, suggesting how little room for political manoeuvre exists even for Saudi political elites, which does not bode well for the protection of human rights more broadly.

Those states that attend will do so not out of a favour to Saudi Arabia, but as a means of renewing commitment to the G20 at a time of global insecurity

With all parties thus far expected still to attend the summit, major announcements are expected at the G20, particularly as related to debt reduction for poor countries that have suffered particularly due to the Covid-19 pandemic and potential for the G20 coming together to allocate funds toward treatment tools for coronavirus.

With the potential for good press resulting from such announcements, many countries are willing to set aside reservations about being involved with Saudi Arabia. Yet the event, which was once meant to provide a PR boost for the kingdom, has highlighted the extent to which the international community has not forgotten its human rights abuses.

Meanwhile, those states that attend will do so not out of a favour to Saudi Arabia, but as a means of renewing commitment to the G20 at a time of global insecurity.

Dr Courtney Freer is a research fellow at LSE Middle East Centre.

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