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This increasing anti-Muslim sentiment is not only corroding trust between communities, but is resulting in open discrimination by public figures, institutions and ordinary citizens.

Islamophobia in the UK is linked to certain types of political discourse and media content that rationalises prejudice against Muslims. The increase street protests orchestrated by far right groups such as the supporters of English Defence League founder, Tommy Robinson - who recently declared that he  - is clear evidence of this.

Challenging Islamophobia is made more difficult by the fact that anti-Muslim discourses have become normalised in government spheres

But Islamophobia also shows its face among political and media elites, with the appropriation of right-wing arguments by mainstream politicians, as demonstrated by Boris Johnson's comments comparing , and proudly Islamophobic journalists such as

Media bias against Muslims has also been documented in that have tracked its growth from the beginning of the 2000s. Cardiff University's research into the noted that the most common themes in stories about Muslims associate them with terrorism, religious extremism, veils, sharia law and forced marriages.  

This has led some to argue that the . Negative coverage has clearly influenced perceptions, with almost a third of British people believing the myth that there are .

These fabricated stories pushed by some of the news media show little regard for accuracy and have a preference for sensationalism that often Read more: Dear white people: Black history is more than just a month

Countering the current wave of hostility towards the Muslim citizens and residents of Europe is a major challenge that requires multidimensional responses.

Much of the work in combating Islamophobia is delivered by community advocacy organisations working across faith communities and building alliances with human rights groups.

Its effectiveness is supported by research which indicates that Constructive face-to-face conversations about sensitive issues such as religion, extremism or immigration are obviously the first steps to breaking down barriers.

Challenging Islamophobia is made more difficult by the fact that anti-Muslim discourse has become normalised in government spheres.

The European Court of Human Rights has on cases of alleged state Islamophobia, for example, a situation that could easily deteriorate if more far-right political parties are elected to the European Parliament in 2019.

In Britain, the current government that appears to be in  of Islamophobia, which makes political approaches to solving the problem more unlikely as there is .

A YouGov poll of over 10,000 people and discovered that economic inequality was driving hostility against Muslims

In July 2018, anti-racist advocacy group commissioned a YouGov poll of over 10,000 people and discovered that economic inequality was driving hostility against Muslims.

The group's CEO has suggested that the hardening of . "Political parties will not reduce anxiety or even hostility to immigration and multiculturalism by cracking down on immigration alone. It is about rebuilding these communities, equipping their young people with the skills that will enable them to compete more effectively in the modern global world and - fundamentally - giving them a sense of hope in the future." 

Reclaiming hope, challenging hatred and building bridges in the context of increasing anti-Muslim attitudes underline the argument that

Dr Sadek Hamid is an academic who has written widely about British Muslims. He is the author of 'Sufis, Salafis and Islamists: The Contested Ground of British Islamic Activism' and is co-author of 'British Muslims: New Directions in Islamic Thought, Creativity and Activism'.

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Opinions expressed in this article remain those of the author, and do not necessarily represent those of °®Âþµº, its editorial board or staff.