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A committee passed a bill on Thursday that could expose the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries and partners to lawsuits for collusion on boosting .

The No Oil Producing or Exporting Cartels (NOPEC) bill sponsored by senators, including Republican Chuck Grassley and Democrat , passed 17-4 in the Senate Judiciary Committee.

Versions of the legislation have failed in Congress for more than two decades. But lawmakers are increasingly worried about rising inflation driven in part by prices for US , which briefly hit a record above $4.30 a gallon this spring.

"I believe that free and competitive markets are better for consumers than markets controlled by a cartel of state-owned oil companies ,competition is the very basis of our economic system" Klobuchar said.

NOPEC would change US antitrust law to revoke the sovereign immunity that has long protected and its national oil companies from lawsuits.

The bill must pass the full Senate and House and be signed by President to become law. The White House has not commented on whether Biden would support the bill if it reaches his desk.

If passed, the US attorney general would gain the ability to sue OPEC or its members, such as , in federal court. Other producers like Russia, which works with OPEC in wider group known as OPEC+ to withhold output, could also be sued.

Saudi Arabia and other producers have rebuffed requests by the United States and other consuming countries to boost oil production beyond gradual amounts, even as oil consumption recovers from the Covid-19 pandemic and Russian supply falls after its invasion of Ukraine.

, which cut production when oil prices crashed to historic lows when the pandemic slashed oil demand, agreed on Thursday to stick to its existing plans to reverse the curbs with modest increases for another month.

NOPEC is intended to protect US consumers and businesses from engineered spikes in the cost of gasoline, but some analysts warn that implementing it could also have some dangerous unintended consequences.

In 2019, threatened to sell oil in currencies other than the dollar if Washington passed NOPEC, a move that could undermine the dollar's status as the world's main reserve currency, reduce Washington's clout in global trade and weaken its ability to enforce sanctions on nation states.

Senator John Cornyn, a Republican from the top US oil producing state Texas, opposed the bill, saying it could prompt OPEC to restrict shipments to the United States.

"If we really want to deal with price at the pump we ought to produce more oil and gas here in America," Cornyn said.

The bill is also opposed by the American Petroleum Institute, the top lobbying group. In a letter to the committee's leaders, API said NOPEC "creates significant potential detrimental exposure to US diplomatic, military and business interests while likely having limited impact on the market concerns driving the legislation."

Some analysts have cautioned that NOPEC could ultimately harm domestic energy companies if it pressures and other OPEC members to flood global markets with oil, because they produce oil much more cheaply than US companies do.

(Reuters)