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The Ìýis closing in on an agreementÌýwith Islamabad for access to Pakistani airspace so that it can conductÌýmilitary operations in Afghanistan, months after the Ìýfrom the Taliban-ruledÌýcountry.

US President Joe Biden’s administration conducted a classified briefing with members of Congress about the matter, and three sources familiar with the contents of the meeting revealed to that the governments were close to an agreement.

In return for using its airspace, Pakistan wants a memorandum of understanding on counterterrorism assistance and help with its difficult relationship with neighbourÌýIndia, the sources said.

No formal agreement has been finalised.

The US withdrew its troops from Afghanistan in August of this year, but it retained the use of Pakistan’s airspace in an intelligence-gathering capacity.

The new agreement, if it goes through, would expand US use of the airspace to include theÌýresumption of flights to Kabul and theÌýevacuation ofÌýremaining American citizens from the country.

Al-Qaeda resurgence?

The Pentagon plans to rely on airstrikes to prevent a resurgence of Al-Qaeda now that US troops have left Afghanistan, but experts and some lawmakers are skeptical about the effectiveness of fighting extremist groups from outside the central Asian country.

President Joe Biden in April vowed he would not allow a comeback of Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan, where Osama bin Laden planned the 11 SeptemberÌý2001Ìýattacks on New York and Washington.

Since then, the Pentagon has repeatedly claimed it is capable of keeping Al-Qaeda and Islamic State (IS) militants in Afghanistan in check through "over-the-horizon" strikes from US bases or aircraft carriers.

"Over-the-horizon operations are difficult but absolutely possible," Defence Secretary Lloyd Austin told the House Armed Services Committee last month.

"And intelligence that supports them comes from a variety of sources, and not just US boots on the ground."