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Thousands of Sudan's Hawsa people set up and attacked government buildings in several cities Monday, witnesses said, after a week of

Violence in Blue Nile state, bordering , has killed 60 people and wounded 163 others, including 13 in serious condition, according to health officials.

The clashes first erupted a week ago on Monday between the Berti and Hawsa tribes, after the Bertis rejected a Hawsa request to create a "civil authority to supervise access to land," a prominent Hawsa member told AFP on condition of anonymity.

But a senior member of the Bertis had said the tribe was responding to a "violation" of its lands by the Hawsas.

Troops were deployed in Blue Nile on Saturday, and since then an uneasy calm has prevailed there although tensions have escalated elsewhere.

In the eastern city of Kassala, the government banned public gatherings after several thousand Hawsa people "set government buildings and shops on fire", according to eyewitness Hussein Saleh.

"It's panic in the city centre," Kassala resident Idriss Hussein told AFP by telephone. He said protesters were "blocking roads and waving sticks."

In the city of Wad Madani, some 200 kilometres (around 125 miles) south of Khartoum, "hundreds of Hawsa people put up stone barricades and burned tires on the main bridge to block traffic", resident Adel Ahmed told AFP.

Experts say a military coup led by army chief in October 2021, has created a security vacuum that has fostered a resurgence in tribal violence, in a country where deadly clashes regularly erupt over land, livestock, access to water and grazing.

Pro-democracy activists accused Sudan's military and ex-rebel leaders who signed a 2020 peace deal of exacerbating ethnic tensions in Blue Nile for personal gain.

The Hawsas, also known as Hausa, are one of the largest ethnic groups in , with tens of millions of members living in several countries.

There are three million Hawsas in Sudan, where they largely follow the majority religion of Islam, but speak their own native language rather than Arabic.

They mostly live off agriculture in Darfur, Al-Jazira state and in the eastern states of Kassala, Gedaref, Sennar and Blue Nile.