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The grandparents of two children stranded in a Kurdish-held camp in Syria with their mother are to file a lawsuit Monday at Europe's top rights court over France's refusal to allow them home, lawyers said.

It is the latest challenge to the French government's opposition to returning the children of suspected jihadists in Syria or Iraq.

The four-year-old girl and three-year-old boy are among the estimated 500 children of French citizens who joined the Islamic State group's so-called "caliphate" before Baghouz - the jihadist's last Syrian redoubt - was overrun in March.

France has said it will consider requests for their return on a case-by-case basis only, infuriating many rights advocates and NGOs.

Since March it has repatriated just five orphans and a three-year-old girl whose mother was sentenced to life in prison in Iraq.

Critics say the policy exposes innocent victims of the war, many of whom have suffered serious trauma during the fighting and coalition bombardments, to inhumane living conditions and long-term psychological risks.

The grandparents of the two children, whose mother had joined IS in Syria, will file a complaint with the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) in Strasbourg, eastern France, their lawyers told AFP.

"By refusing to repatriate this mother and these two sick children who are wounded and in a state of extreme weakness, France is consciously and deliberately exposing them to inhumane and degrading treatment," they said in a statement.

The suit will also accuse France of violating the family's right to enter the state where they are citizens - the first time such an argument has been invoked in the case of jihadists' children, the lawyers said.

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They declined to name the mother to protect her identity, or confirm where the children were born and whether they held French passports. 

Some Western women have given to birth to children in territory previously controlled by IS, but the minors have never been registered with authorities in their home countries.

'Justice on French soil'

The two children and their mother, who is the target of an arrest warrant by a French anti-terror judge, were wounded in the battle for Baghouz, the last IS stronghold before it was taken by Kurdish-led forces in March.

The Kurdish-led Syrian Defense Force (SDF) are struggling with the intake of thousands of IS members. Men associated with the group have been detained while women and children were housed in camps. 

The camp of al-Hol in northeast Syria, where 73,00 people - 12,000 of them foreigners - live according to the United Nations, is overcrowded with strained facilities.

The lawyers for the family said cholera, tuberculosis and dysentery are spreading in the camp, with the children undernourished and the mother suffering from typhoid fever.

The mother "has confirmed her desire to have her children repatriated... and wants to face justice on French soil", her lawyers said.

But France is loathe to bring back foreign fighters or their families after suffering a wave of deadly jihadist attacks that have killed more than 250 people since 2015.

After considering repatriation at the urging of Kurdish forces in Syria as well as the United States, the government decided against bringing home any men or women who joined the IS fight.

So far, legal attempts beginning last year to force France to allow the return of citizens held in Syria have failed.

In April, France's State Council, which rules on the legality of policies and laws, rejected several requests, saying it was a French diplomatic matter outside the council's jurisdiction.

Repatriation of citizens who left to fight in Syria and Iraq is a hugely sensitive issue in Western nations.

The UK and US have gone so far as to strip IS proponents of citizenship.

This hardline stance drew criticism in March when 19-year-old Shamima Begum lost her British citizenship after giving interviews in which she begged to return home but showed little remorse for having been an IS propagandist.

Her baby Jarrah died of pneumonia less than three weeks after he was born.

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