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troops and their allies have launched air and ground strikes against rebels in the northern region of Amhara, humanitarian and rebel sources told AFP, amid growing speculation of a major offensive.

A spokesman for the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF), which has been locked in a with pro-government forces in northern Ethiopia for 11 months, said Saturday there was a "massive move" against the rebels.

Just five days ago, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed for a new term after a landslide election win, vowing to defend "Ethiopia's honour" despite mounting international criticism of the war and alarm about the it has triggered. Ìý

TPLF spokesman Getachew Reda said there had been "mostly air, drone and artillery bombardment" of rebels, and reported a major troop build-up, saying "tens of thousands are amassed" inÌýnorthern Amhara including the North Gondar and North Wollo zones.Ìý

"We are confident we will thwart the offensive in all fronts and more," he said. "We will stand our ground until the siege is lifted."

Humanitarian sources told AFP that federal soldiers and Amhara regional troops had conducted air and ground offensives around North Wollo and other locations on Thursday and Friday.

Representatives from Amhara, as well as federal and military officials, did not respond to requests for comment and the reported military operations could not be independently confirmed by AFP.

Threat of sanctions

The war erupted last November when Abiy - winner of the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize - sent troops into Tigray to topple the TPLF, the regional ruling party and former national rulers, a move he said came in response to TPLF attacks on federal army camps.

Although government forces quickly took control of Tigray's cities and towns, the TPLF recaptured most of the region including the capital Mekele by late June, and Abiy later declared a unilateral ceasefire.

But fighting, which has since spread to neighbouring Amhara and Afar, has created what the UN calls an "immense humanitarian crisis" with hundreds of thousands of people driven into famine-like conditions.

Untold numbers of civilians have been killed, nearly two million have been displaced, and there have been many reports of atrocities including massacres and mass rape.

The US has threatened sanctions against the warring parties if they fail to commit to a negotiated settlement to end a conflict that threatens to destabilise Africa's second most populous nation.ÌýÌýÌý

Warning of 'catastrophe'

The former chief of staff in the Abiy-appointed Tigray interim adminstration told AFPÌýon Saturday that federal officials had long resisted their entreaties to pursue talks.

"If this force (Ethiopia's army) is able to penetrate into Tigray, that will be a catastrophe," said Gebremeskel Kassa, an outspoken critic of Eritrean forces fighting alongside Ethiopian soldiers in the region.

Gebremeskel, who fled Tigray in June, said he had now left the country fearing for his safety and was seeking asylum abroad.

There has been speculation the fighting could pick up now the rainy season is ending, and with mass mobilisation throughout the country and in Amhara in particular.

On Thursday, the Amhara region's spokesman said on Twitter: "Since an operation to free our people who are in trouble because of the terrorist TPLF could be conducted at any time, in all fronts, we all have to be vigilant 24 hours a day."Ìý

Abiy's government sparked global outrage last week when it expelled senior UN officials for "meddling" in Ethiopia's affairs, exacerbating concerns about the humanitarian crisis.

UN chief Antonio Guterres, who has said more than five million people were in need of assistance, on Wednesday urged the Ethiopian authorities to allow the UN to deliver aid "without hindrance".

Tigray is under a de facto blockade that is preventing most aid from getting in. Ethiopian officials blame the TPLF for obstructing deliveries, but the US has said access to essential supplies and services was being denied by the Ethiopian government.

The UN's humanitarian agency OCHA in recent days warned that a lack of medical supplies was also having fatal consequences in Tigray and reported alarming levels of malnutrition among children and pregnant women.

Meanwhile, voters in southwestern Ethiopia overwhelmingly backed the creation of a new region in a September referendum, the election board announced Saturday, according to state-affiliated Fana Broadcasting Corporate.

The upper house of parliament is expected to formally approve the establishment of the South West region, which would be Ethiopia's 11th.