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Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan will chair an emergency summit of the world's main pan-Islamic body on Wednesday, seeking to marshal Muslim leaders towards a coordinated response to the US recognition of Jerusalem as Israel's capital.

Erdogan, whose country holds the rotating chairmanship of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) will be hoping to unite often feuding Muslim leaders into a tough final statement on the move by US President Donald Trump.

Trump's announcement last week prompted outpouring of anger in the Muslim and Arab world, where tens of thousands of people took to the streets to denounce the Jewish state and show solidarity with the Palestinians.

The decision has sparked protests in Palestinian territories, with four Palestinians killed so far in clashes or Israeli air strikes in response to rocket fire from Gaza and hundreds wounded.

Erdogan, who regards himself a champion of the Palestinian cause, labelled Israel as a "terrorist state" and called for a strong reaction.

But bridging the gaps in a Muslim political community that includes arch rivals Saudi Arabia and Iran will be a far from easy task let alone announcing any concrete sanctions agreed between the 57 OIC member states.

Aaron Stein, resident senior fellow at the Atlantic Council's Rafik Hariri Center for the Middle East, said he believed Muslim leaders would merely "issue a boiler-plate condemnation".

"What that actually means is anyone's guess," he told AFP.

"It's hard to point to the OIC as being definitive in shaping Muslim or world opinion."

'No confrontation with Washington'

Several key players, like Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, are unlikely to want to risk their key relationship with Washington for the sake of an OIC statement.

Sinan Ulgen, of the Istanbul-based Centre for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies, said that he believed the OIC summit would go nowhere near taking major actions.

"The main reason is that many of the key countries of this 'Muslim world' do not want to enter a confrontational environment with the United States and even with Israel, against the backdrop of a rising sectarian tension with Iran," he said.

Ulgen said Riyadh and its Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) allies would not want to take "hawkish measures that could jeopardise the relationship with Washington."

Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu said in a television interview that the summit would "give a strong message".

But he acknowledged that some Islamic countries were "in fear", asking, "Why are you scared?"

Meanwhile, Turkey itself also has downgraded relations with Egypt after the ousting from power of pro-Ankara Muslim Brotherhood leader Mohamed Morsi.

'Adding fuel to the flames'

Turkish officials said close to 30 Muslim leaders had confirmed their participation in the Istanbul summit as of Tuesday afternoon.

Iranian President Hassan Rouhani, Jordanian King Abdullah II and Lebanese President Michel Aoun are among the heads of state attending. Palestinian president Mahmud Abbas will also be present.

However the level of Saudi representation - critical if the final statement is to carry credibility - was unclear.

Arab countries have so far condemned Israel without announcing any concrete measures.

Arab League foreign ministers in a resolution after an emergency meeting in Cairo on Saturday urged Washington to rescind its Jerusalem move and for the international community to recognise a Palestinian state.

Jerusalem's status is perhaps the most sensitive issue in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.

Israel sees the entire city as its undivided capital, while the Palestinians want the eastern sector as the capital of their future state.

In intensive telephone diplomacy in the last days, Erdogan has sought to win support from leaders beyond the Muslim world.

At a joint press conference after talks in Ankara late on Monday, Erdogan said he and Russian President Vladimir Putin had taken a similar approach on the issue, accusing Israel of continuing to "add fuel to the flames".