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Pope Francis on Monday wrapped up his historic whirlwind four-day of Iraq at Baghdad airport, after covering five provinces and giving the country's marginalised Christian minority a of hope.

Iraqi President Barham Salih was at hand on the tarmac at the farewell ceremony that saw the pontiff and his traveling delegation leaving for Rome.

At every turn of his trip, Francis urged Iraqis to embrace - from Najaf in the south, where he held a historic face-to-face meeting with powerful Shia cleric Grand Ayatollah Ali Al-Sistani, to Nineveh to the north, where he met with Christian victims of the Islamic State group's terror and heard their testimonies of survival.

The pontiff's visit witnessed scenes unimaginable in war-ravaged Iraq just a few years ago.

In Iraq's south, Francis convened a meeting of Iraqi religious leaders in the deserts near a symbol of the country's ancient past - the 6,000-year-old ziggurat in the Plains of Ur, also thought to be the birthplace of Abraham, the biblical patriarch revered by Jews, Christians and Muslims.

The gathering brought Muslim, Christian, Yazidi and Mandaean religious representatives across the country. The joint appearance by figures from across Iraq's sectarian spectrum was almost unheard-of, given their communities' often bitter divisions.

The pope called on them to work together and make peace.

In the city of Najaf, Francis held a private meeting with the notoriously reclusive , among the most influential and revered Shia clerics, and together they delivered a powerful message of peaceful coexistence and affirmed the rights of Iraqi Christians.

Al-Sistani is one of the most senior clerics in Shia Islam, deeply revered among Shias in Iraq and worldwide, whose rare but powerful political interventions have helped shape present-day Iraq.

Their meeting in Al-Sistani's home, the first ever between a pope and a grand ayatollah, was months in the making, with every detail painstakingly negotiated beforehand.

In the northern city of Mosul, once at the heart of the IS militants' so-called "caliphate" and still devastated years after the Islamic State group's onslaught, Francis prayed containing the remnants of four churches - Syriac Catholic, Armenian Orthodox, Syriac Orthodox and Chaldean - nearly destroyed in the war to oust IS from the city.

Later, in the Christian town of Qaraqosh, where an entire Christian community was forced out by the brutality of IS militants, the pope urged Christians to forgive their oppressors and rebuild their lives.

People gathered in crowds to catch a glimpse of the pope wherever he went, fueling coronavirus concerns. Few wore facemasks, especially during Francis' stops in northern Iraq on Sunday.

That day ended with an open-air mass in a stadium that drew nearly 10,000 people. Security was tight and most events were strictly controlled.

Public health experts had expressed ahead of the trip that large gatherings could serve as superspreader events for the coronavirus in a country suffering from a worsening outbreak.

The pope and members of his delegation have been vaccinated but most Iraqis have not.

Iraq is in the midst of another wave of the coronavirus, spurred by a new, more infectious strain that first appeared in the UK.

Authorities in Iraq recorded 4,068 new infections on March 6, according to health ministry figures, up significantly from infection rates at the start of the year. In total 13,500 people have died among a total 720,000 infections.

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