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The UK’s National Pupil Database has existed since 2013, but this is the first year in which a child’s place of birth, ethnicity and language skills was recorded in the annual census on Thursday.

A group of 20 UK charities wrote a joint letter to Justine Greening, the UK’s Education secretary, in response, voicing their concerns the data may be misused.

“Without assurances to the contrary, our grave concern is that the new data collected will be shared with the Home Office and therefore potentially used for immigration enforcement purposes,” the letter said.

“We have already seen since the government announced its commitment to creating a ‘hostile environment’ for undocumented migrants.

“Such measures deter vulnerable children and families from accessing essential services, exercising their human rights, and participating on an equal basis in our communities.

A freedom of information request by Defend Digital Me found that the National Pupil Database was accessed 21 times by the police and 18 times by the Home Office.

Activists are also worried that the data may also now be accessible to the media, who may use the information for future anti-immigration stories.

The changes to the census were brought about by the previous education secretary, Nicky Morgan, as part of a crackdown on ‘education tourism’. The Daily Telegraph reported that Morgan wanted to investigate how much of a ‘pull factor’ the British state education system was for immigrant families.